/*
    This file is a part of libcds - Concurrent Data Structures library

    (C) Copyright Maxim Khizhinsky (libcds.dev@gmail.com) 2006-2017

    Source code repo: http://github.com/khizmax/libcds/
    Download: http://sourceforge.net/projects/libcds/files/

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
      list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
    AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
    DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
    SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
    CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
    OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
    OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/

#ifndef CDSLIB_CONTAINER_MICHAEL_KVLIST_NOGC_H
#define CDSLIB_CONTAINER_MICHAEL_KVLIST_NOGC_H

#include <memory>
#include <cds/container/details/michael_list_base.h>
#include <cds/intrusive/michael_list_nogc.h>
#include <cds/container/details/make_michael_kvlist.h>

namespace cds { namespace container {

    //@cond
    namespace details {

        template <typename K, typename T, class Traits>
        struct make_michael_kvlist_nogc: public make_michael_kvlist<gc::nogc, K, T, Traits>
        {
            typedef make_michael_kvlist<cds::gc::nogc, K, T, Traits>  base_maker;
            typedef typename base_maker::node_type node_type;

            struct intrusive_traits: public base_maker::intrusive_traits
            {
                typedef typename base_maker::node_deallocator    disposer;
            };

            typedef intrusive::MichaelList<cds::gc::nogc, node_type, intrusive_traits>  type;
        };

    }   // namespace details
    //@endcond

    /// Michael's ordered list (key-value pair, template specialization for gc::nogc)
    /** @ingroup cds_nonintrusive_list
        @anchor cds_nonintrusive_MichaelKVList_nogc

        This specialization is intended for so-called persistent usage when no item
        reclamation may be performed. The class does not support deleting of list item.

        Usually, ordered single-linked list is used as a building block for the hash table implementation.
        The complexity of searching is <tt>O(N)</tt>.

        See \ref cds_nonintrusive_MichaelList_gc "MichaelList" for description of template parameters.

        The interface of the specialization is a little different.
    */
    template <
        typename Key,
        typename Value,
#ifdef CDS_DOXYGEN_INVOKED
        typename Traits = michael_list::traits
#else
        typename Traits
#endif
    >
    class MichaelKVList<gc::nogc, Key, Value, Traits>:
#ifdef CDS_DOXYGEN_INVOKED
        protected intrusive::MichaelList< gc::nogc, implementation_defined, Traits >
#else
        protected details::make_michael_kvlist_nogc< Key, Value, Traits >::type
#endif
    {
        //@cond
        typedef details::make_michael_kvlist_nogc< Key, Value, Traits > maker;
        typedef typename maker::type  base_class;
        //@endcond

    public:
        typedef cds::gc::nogc gc;         ///< Garbage collector used
        typedef Traits        traits;     ///< List traits

#ifdef CDS_DOXYGEN_INVOKED
        typedef Key                                 key_type        ;   ///< Key type
        typedef Value                               mapped_type     ;   ///< Type of value stored in the list
        typedef std::pair<key_type const, mapped_type> value_type   ;   ///< key/value pair stored in the list
#else
        typedef typename maker::key_type          key_type;
        typedef typename maker::value_type        mapped_type;
        typedef typename maker::pair_type         value_type;
#endif

        typedef typename base_class::back_off     back_off;       ///< Back-off strategy used
        typedef typename maker::allocator_type    allocator_type; ///< Allocator type used for allocate/deallocate the nodes
        typedef typename base_class::item_counter item_counter;   ///< Item counting policy used
        typedef typename maker::key_comparator    key_comparator; ///< key comparison functor
        typedef typename base_class::memory_model memory_model;   ///< Memory ordering. See cds::opt::memory_model option
        typedef typename base_class::stat         stat;           ///< Internal statistics

        //@cond
        // Rebind traits (split-list support)
        template <typename... Options>
        struct rebind_traits {
            typedef MichaelKVList<
                gc
                , key_type, mapped_type
                , typename cds::opt::make_options< traits, Options...>::type
            > type;
        };

        // Stat selector
        template <typename Stat>
        using select_stat_wrapper = typename base_class::template select_stat_wrapper< Stat >;
        //@endcond

    protected:
        //@cond
        typedef typename base_class::value_type   node_type;
        typedef typename maker::cxx_allocator     cxx_allocator;
        typedef typename maker::node_deallocator  node_deallocator;
        typedef typename maker::intrusive_traits::compare  intrusive_key_comparator;

        typedef typename base_class::atomic_node_ptr head_type;

        struct node_disposer {
            void operator()( node_type * pNode )
            {
                free_node( pNode );
            }
        };
        typedef std::unique_ptr< node_type, node_disposer >     scoped_node_ptr;
        //@endcond

    protected:
        //@cond
        template <bool IsConst>
        class iterator_type: protected base_class::template iterator_type<IsConst>
        {
            typedef typename base_class::template iterator_type<IsConst>    iterator_base;

            iterator_type( head_type const& refNode )
                : iterator_base( refNode )
            {}

            explicit iterator_type( const iterator_base& it )
                : iterator_base( it )
            {}

            friend class MichaelKVList;

        protected:
            explicit iterator_type( node_type& pNode )
                : iterator_base( &pNode )
            {}

        public:
            typedef typename cds::details::make_const_type<mapped_type, IsConst>::reference  value_ref;
            typedef typename cds::details::make_const_type<mapped_type, IsConst>::pointer    value_ptr;

            typedef typename cds::details::make_const_type<value_type,  IsConst>::reference  pair_ref;
            typedef typename cds::details::make_const_type<value_type,  IsConst>::pointer    pair_ptr;

            iterator_type()
                : iterator_base()
            {}

            iterator_type( const iterator_type& src )
                : iterator_base( src )
            {}

            key_type const& key() const
            {
                typename iterator_base::value_ptr p = iterator_base::operator ->();
                assert( p != nullptr );
                return p->m_Data.first;
            }

            value_ref val() const
            {
                typename iterator_base::value_ptr p = iterator_base::operator ->();
                assert( p != nullptr );
                return p->m_Data.second;
            }

            pair_ptr operator ->() const
            {
                typename iterator_base::value_ptr p = iterator_base::operator ->();
                return p ? &(p->m_Data) : nullptr;
            }

            pair_ref operator *() const
            {
                typename iterator_base::value_ref p = iterator_base::operator *();
                return p.m_Data;
            }

            /// Pre-increment
            iterator_type& operator ++()
            {
                iterator_base::operator ++();
                return *this;
            }

            /// Post-increment
            iterator_type operator ++(int)
            {
                return iterator_base::operator ++(0);
            }

            template <bool C>
            bool operator ==(iterator_type<C> const& i ) const
            {
                return iterator_base::operator ==(i);
            }
            template <bool C>
            bool operator !=(iterator_type<C> const& i ) const
            {
                return iterator_base::operator !=(i);
            }
        };
        //@endcond

    public:
    ///@name Forward iterators
    //@{
        /// Forward iterator
        /**
            The forward iterator is safe: you may use it in multi-threaded enviromnent without any synchronization.

            The forward iterator for Michael's list based on \p gc::nogc has pre- and post-increment operators.

            The iterator interface to access item data:
            - <tt> operator -> </tt> - returns a pointer to \p value_type
            - <tt> operator *</tt> - returns a reference (a const reference for \p const_iterator) to \p value_type
            - <tt> const key_type& key() </tt> - returns a key reference for iterator
            - <tt> mapped_type& val() </tt> - retuns a value reference for iterator (const reference for \p const_iterator)

            For both functions the iterator should not be equal to \p end().

            @note \p end() iterator is not dereferenceable
        */
        typedef iterator_type<false>    iterator;

        /// Const forward iterator
        /**
            For iterator's features and requirements see \ref iterator
        */
        typedef iterator_type<true>     const_iterator;

        /// Returns a forward iterator addressing the first element in a list
        /**
            For empty list \code begin() == end() \endcode
        */
        iterator begin()
        {
            return iterator( head());
        }

        /// Returns an iterator that addresses the location succeeding the last element in a list
        /**
            Do not use the value returned by <tt>end</tt> function to access any item.
            Internally, <tt>end</tt> returning value equals to \p nullptr.

            The returned value can be used only to control reaching the end of the list.
            For empty list \code begin() == end() \endcode
        */
        iterator end()
        {
            return iterator();
        }

        /// Returns a forward const iterator addressing the first element in a list
        const_iterator begin() const
        {
            return const_iterator( head());
        }
        /// Returns a forward const iterator addressing the first element in a list
        const_iterator cbegin() const
        {
            return const_iterator( head());
        }

        /// Returns an const iterator that addresses the location succeeding the last element in a list
        const_iterator end() const
        {
            return const_iterator();
        }
        /// Returns an const iterator that addresses the location succeeding the last element in a list
        const_iterator cend() const
        {
            return const_iterator();
        }
    //@}

    public:
        /// Default constructor
        /**
            Initialize empty list
        */
        MichaelKVList()
        {}

        //@cond
        template <typename Stat, typename = std::enable_if<std::is_same<stat, michael_list::wrapped_stat<Stat>>::value >>
        explicit MichaelKVList( Stat& st )
            : base_class( st )
        {}
        //@endcond

        /// List destructor
        /**
            Clears the list
        */
        ~MichaelKVList()
        {
            clear();
        }

        /// Inserts new node with key and default value
        /**
            The function creates a node with \p key and default value, and then inserts the node created into the list.

            Preconditions:
            - The \ref key_type should be constructible from value of type \p K.
                In trivial case, \p K is equal to \ref key_type.
            - The \ref mapped_type should be default-constructible.

            Returns an iterator pointed to inserted value, or \p end() if inserting is failed
        */
        template <typename K>
        iterator insert( const K& key )
        {
            return node_to_iterator( insert_at( head(), key ));
        }

        /// Inserts new node with a key and a value
        /**
            The function creates a node with \p key and value \p val, and then inserts the node created into the list.

            Preconditions:
            - The \ref key_type should be constructible from \p key of type \p K.
            - The \ref mapped_type should be constructible from \p val of type \p V.

            Returns an iterator pointed to inserted value, or \p end() if inserting is failed
        */
        template <typename K, typename V>
        iterator insert( const K& key, const V& val )
        {
            // We cannot use insert with functor here
            // because we cannot lock inserted node for updating
            // Therefore, we use separate function
            return node_to_iterator( insert_at( head(), key, val ));
        }

        /// Inserts new node and initialize it by a functor
        /**
            This function inserts new node with key \p key and if inserting is successful then it calls
            \p func functor with signature
            \code void func( value_type& item );
                struct functor {
                    void operator()( value_type& item );
                };
            \endcode

            The argument \p item of user-defined functor \p func is the reference
            to the list's item inserted. <tt>item.second</tt> is a reference to item's value that may be changed.
            User-defined functor \p func should guarantee that during changing item's value no any other changes
            could be made on this list's item by concurrent threads.

            The key_type should be constructible from value of type \p K.

            The function allows to split creating of new item into two part:
            - create item from \p key;
            - insert new item into the list;
            - if inserting is successful, initialize the value of item by calling \p f functor

            This can be useful if complete initialization of object of \p mapped_type is heavyweight and
            it is preferable that the initialization should be completed only if inserting is successful.

            Returns an iterator pointed to inserted value, or \p end() if inserting is failed
        */
        template <typename K, typename Func>
        iterator insert_with( const K& key, Func func )
        {
            return node_to_iterator( insert_with_at( head(), key, func ));
        }

        /// Updates the item
        /**
            If \p key is not in the list and \p bAllowInsert is \p true,

            the function inserts a new item.
            Otherwise, the function returns an iterator pointing to the item found.

            Returns <tt> std::pair<iterator, bool> </tt> where \p first is an iterator pointing to
            item found or inserted, \p second is true if new item has been added or \p false if the item
            already is in the list.
        */
        template <typename K>
        std::pair<iterator, bool> update( K const& key, bool bAllowInsert = true )
        {
            std::pair< node_type *, bool > ret = update_at( head(), key, bAllowInsert );
            return std::make_pair( node_to_iterator( ret.first ), ret.second );
        }
        //@cond
        template <typename K>
        CDS_DEPRECATED("ensure() is deprecated, use update()")
        std::pair<iterator, bool> ensure( K const& key )
        {
            return update( key );
        }
        //@endcond

        /// Inserts data of type \ref mapped_type constructed with <tt>std::forward<Args>(args)...</tt>
        /**
            Returns an iterator pointed to inserted value, or \p end() if inserting is failed
        */
        template <typename K, typename... Args>
        iterator emplace( K&& key, Args&&... args )
        {
            return node_to_iterator( emplace_at( head(), std::forward<K>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)... ));
        }

        /// Checks whether the list contains \p key
        /**
            The function searches the item with key equal to \p key
            and returns an iterator pointed to item found and \ref end() otherwise
        */
        template <typename Q>
        iterator contains( Q const& key )
        {
            return node_to_iterator( find_at( head(), key, intrusive_key_comparator()));
        }
        //@cond
        template <typename Q>
        CDS_DEPRECATED("deprecated, use contains()")
        iterator find( Q const& key )
        {
            return contains( key );
        }
        //@endcond

        /// Checks whether the list contains \p key using \p pred predicate for searching
        /**
            The function is an analog of <tt>contains( key )</tt> but \p pred is used for key comparing.
            \p Less functor has the interface like \p std::less.
            \p pred must imply the same element order as the comparator used for building the list.
        */
        template <typename Q, typename Less>
        iterator contains( Q const& key, Less pred )
        {
            CDS_UNUSED( pred );
            return node_to_iterator( find_at( head(), key, typename maker::template less_wrapper<Less>::type()));
        }
        //@cond
        template <typename Q, typename Less>
        CDS_DEPRECATED("deprecated, use contains()")
        iterator find_with( Q const& key, Less pred )
        {
            return contains( key, pred );
        }
        //@endcond

        /// Check if the list is empty
        bool empty() const
        {
            return base_class::empty();
        }

        /// Returns list's item count
        /**
            The value returned depends on item counter provided by \p Traits. For \p atomicity::empty_item_counter,
            this function always returns 0.

            @note Even if you use real item counter and it returns 0, this fact does not mean that the list
            is empty. To check list emptyness use \p empty() method.
        */
        size_t size() const
        {
            return base_class::size();
        }

        /// Returns const reference to internal statistics
        stat const& statistics() const
        {
            return base_class::statistics();
        }

        /// Clears the list
        void clear()
        {
            base_class::clear();
        }

    protected:
        //@cond
        node_type * insert_node_at( head_type& refHead, node_type * pNode )
        {
            assert( pNode != nullptr );
            scoped_node_ptr p( pNode );
            if ( base_class::insert_at( refHead, *pNode ))
                return p.release();
            return nullptr;
        }

        template <typename K>
        node_type * insert_at( head_type& refHead, const K& key )
        {
            return insert_node_at( refHead, alloc_node( key ));
        }

        template <typename K, typename V>
        node_type * insert_at( head_type& refHead, const K& key, const V& val )
        {
            return insert_node_at( refHead, alloc_node( key, val ));
        }

        template <typename K, typename Func>
        node_type * insert_with_at( head_type& refHead, const K& key, Func f )
        {
            scoped_node_ptr pNode( alloc_node( key ));

            if ( base_class::insert_at( refHead, *pNode )) {
                f( pNode->m_Data );
                return pNode.release();
            }
            return nullptr;
        }

        template <typename K>
        std::pair< node_type *, bool > update_at( head_type& refHead, const K& key, bool bAllowInsert )
        {
            scoped_node_ptr pNode( alloc_node( key ));
            node_type * pItemFound = nullptr;

            std::pair<bool, bool> ret = base_class::update_at( refHead, *pNode,

                [&pItemFound](bool, node_type& item, node_type&){ pItemFound = &item; },
                bAllowInsert );

            if ( ret.second )
                pNode.release();
            return std::make_pair( pItemFound, ret.second );
        }

        template <typename K, typename... Args>
        node_type * emplace_at( head_type& refHead, K&& key, Args&&... args )
        {
            return insert_node_at( refHead, alloc_node( std::forward<K>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)... ));
        }

        template <typename K, typename Compare>
        node_type * find_at( head_type& refHead, K const& key, Compare cmp )
        {
            return base_class::find_at( refHead, key, cmp );
        }

        template <typename K>
        static node_type * alloc_node( const K& key )
        {
            return cxx_allocator().New( key );
        }

        template <typename K, typename V>
        static node_type * alloc_node( const K& key, const V& val )
        {
            return cxx_allocator().New( key, val );
        }

        template <typename K, typename... Args>
        static node_type * alloc_node( K&& key, Args&&... args )
        {
            return cxx_allocator().MoveNew( std::forward<K>( key ), std::forward<Args>( args )... );
        }

        static void free_node( node_type * pNode )
        {
            cxx_allocator().Delete( pNode );
        }

        head_type& head()
        {
            return base_class::m_pHead;
        }

        head_type const& head() const
        {
            return base_class::m_pHead;
        }

        iterator node_to_iterator( node_type * pNode )
        {
            if ( pNode )
                return iterator( *pNode );
            return end();
        }
        //@endcond
    };

}} // namespace cds::container

#endif // #ifndef CDSLIB_CONTAINER_MICHAEL_KVLIST_NOGC_H
